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Two French Military Officer Daggers, Circa 1560
The bronze hilts of two daggers are shown at the right. They are almost identical, but it's likely that the one on the left side of the photo spent most of the last 450 years buried in South Carolina near Port Royal Sound. It was unearthed by Jack Williams in the early 1960s. The other he purchased from a private collection over a decade later. This second dagger still has its original scabbard. Williams believed that the excavated dagger came from the French settlement of Charlesfort, or from the Spanish occupation that followed called Santa Elena.
Both daggers have cast bronze hilts with steel blades. The period clothing and armor of the French officer that forms each hilt indicates their origin. The officer is leaning on matchlock, his left hand wrapped around its muzzle. His right hand rests on a dagger in a leather carry which was called a frog. Below the frog hangs a pouch to hold balls and cloth patches, a large flask to hold priming powder, and several small flasks to hold premesured single charges. The scabbard is also of cast bronze with classical motifs in high relief. Ornate designs like these would have been expensive, so the daggers must have belonged to men who were well off. -
Left-Hand Parrying Dagger, Circa 1530
This excavated Left-Hand Spanish Parrying Dagger was found near Cape Canaveral Florida. The 4 1/2 inch hilt has a large scent-stopper shaped pommel, a cross-guard (quillon) with turned down finials and a ring guard (anneau). The 9 1/2 inch needle-point blade has two grooves (fullers) on each side or a hollow ground cross-section. -
Left-Hand Spanish Parrying Dagger, Circa 1530
This excavated Left-Hand Parrying Dagger was found at an undisclosed location. The 5 1/2 inch hilt has turned down finials on the cross-guard (quillon) and a side ring guard (anneau) fitted with an openwork metal plate the pommel is missing. The 14 3/4 inch spear point blade has a diamond shaped cross section. -
Left-Hand Parrying Dagger, Circa 1530
This excavated Left-Hand Spanish Parrying Dagger was reportedly found near the Rio Grande river in New Mexico. It may date from exploration of the area by Coronado 1540-1542. The 5 inch hilt has a large scent-stopper shaped pommel, a curved cross-guard (quillon) and a side ring guard (anneau) fitted with an openwork metal plate. The previous owner stabilized the side ring plate using solder. The 13 3/4 inch needle-point blade has two grooves (fullers) on each side. -
Left-Hand Parrying Dagger or Short Sword, Circa 1530
This excavated Left-Hand Parrying Dagger or Short Sword, was reportedly found near the Rio Grande river in New Mexico. It may date from exploration of the area by Coronado 1540-1542. The 5 3/8 inch hilt has a large scent-stopper shaped pommel, a curved cross-guard (quillon) and a ring guard (anneau) with a turned down finial. The 14 inch spear point blade has three grooves (fullers) on each side. -
Left-Hand Spanish Parrying Dagger, Circa 1530
This excavated Left-Hand Parrying Dagger was found at an undisclosed location. The 5 1/2 inch hilt has a large plum shaped pommel, turned down finials on the cross-guard (quillon) and a side ring guard (anneau) fitted with an pierced metal plate. The 13 inch needle-point blade has diamond shaped cross section. -
Left-Hand Parrying Spanish Dagger, Circa 1530
This excavated Left-Hand Parrying Dagger was found at an undisclosed location on the west coast of Florida. The 4 inch hilt has a large flat oval pommel, an S-shaped cross-guard (quillon) and a side ring guard (anneau). The blade is 13 3/4 inches long and has a diamond shape cross section. -
Navaja Folding Knife, Circa 1820
Navajas are traditional Spanish folding knives. The one shown below is 16 1/4 inches long when open and weighs almost 10 ounces. It has a 7 1/2 inch steel blade and a 8 3/4 inch handle decorated with bone and brass. A spring under the blade locks it into place when open. The blade is marked Valero Jun and Zaragoza. Valero Jun was an important Spanish knife maker in the city of Zaragoza. The style of the makers mark indicates the knife was made at the beginning of the 19th century. According to some sources Valero Jun imported fine Navaja style knives like this one from Thiers France and resold them with their mark. This style of Navaja is sometimes called a "tail rattler" (cola de crotalo), because the tip of the handle resembles a rattlesnake's tail. -
Navaja Folding Knife, Circa 1790
Navajas are traditional Spanish folding knives. They were popular with sailors of the Spanish Main who regularly carried them in their waistbands. Sixteen Navaja-style knives were recovered from the wrecks of the Nuestra Senora de Atocha and Santa Margarita. Both galleons sank in 1622. Though best known for fighting and personal defense, Navajas were used for everything from cutting lines, peeling fruit to shaving. They were even used to preform surgery. Over time a locking style blade with a backspring evolved. These knives were called Navaja de Muelles (Spring Knifes). A metal pull ring to release the lock was added in the late 18th century. The ring was eventually discarded in favor of a lever.
The Navaja shown is 17 inches long when open and weighs 10 ounces. The 7 7/8 inch steel blade is nicked near where it folds into the Stag Horn handle. A spring under the blade locks it into place when open and a metal pull ring releases the lock. This style of Navaja is sometimes called a "tail rattler" (cola de crotalo), because the tip of the handle resembles a rattlesnake's tail. -
Misericorde Spanish Dagger, Circa 1520
This dagger was unearthed near Tampa Bay in the early 1960s. The 11 3/4 inch needle-point blade has a hollow ground cross-section. The crossguard with its triangular-shaped quillons and the pommel are both decorated with deep accent grooves. Long narrow daggers like this one are designed for thrusting, piercing, and stabbing. The thin sharp point can fit through gaps in armor and penetrate leather or heavy fabric. This style of dagger was often used to deliver the death blow to a seriously wounded adversary, hence the name misericordia which is Latin for 'mercy'.